The legal and financial framework [法律與財務框架]
2.1 Introduction 介紹
Public libraries are a community agency providing access at the local level to a range of knowledge and information for the benefit of the individual and society as a whole. In order to maintain the level of service required to fulfill their functions public libraries should be
supported by legislation and sustained funding.
公共圖書館是社區機構提供一系列的知識和信息由地方個人推廣到整個社會利益。為了保持服務水平的要求履行其職能的公共圖書館應通過立法和持續的資金支持。
2.3 Public library legislation 公共圖書館立法
The establishment of public libraries should be based on legislation, which assures their continuance and place in the government structure. Public library legislation takes various forms. In some countries or regions the legislation is specific to public libraries whereas in others it is part of wider legislation which includes different types of libraries. Public library legislation is also varied in its provisions. It can be simple, allowing the establishment of public libraries but leaving standards of service to the level of government directly responsible for the library, or more complex, with specific detail on what services should be provided and to what standard. Because governmental structures vary so much in different countries the form and detail of public library legislation is also likely to vary significantly. However, legislation governing public libraries should state which level of government is responsible for provision and how they should be funded. It should also place them in the framework of libraries in the country or region as a whole.
建立公共圖書館應根據立法，從而確保其連續性和在地政府的結構。公共圖書館立法採取多種形式。在一些國家或地區的立法是由特定的公共圖書館，而有些是更廣泛的立法，其中包括不同類型的圖書館的一部分。公共圖書館立法，其規定也各不相同。它可以是簡單的，允許建立的公共圖書館，但留下的服務標準，以本級政府直接負責的圖書館或更複雜的，具體細節應提供什麼樣的服務，什麼樣的標準。由於政府結構不同，所以在不同的國家的公共圖書館立法的形式和細節上也很可能顯著改變。不過，法例規管公共圖書館應註明是哪一級政府負責提供和他們的資金應如何。它也應該將它們放置在圖書館的國家或地區作為一個整體的框架。
2.4.3 Sources of funding 資金的來源
A number of sources of funding are used to finance public libraries but the proportions of funding from each source will vary depending on local factors in each country.
The primary sources are:
• taxation at local, regional or central level
• block grants from central, regional or local level.
Secondary sources of income may include:
• donations from funding bodies or private individuals
• revenue from commercial activities, e.g., publishing, book sales, sale of works of art and handicrafts
• revenue from customer fees, e.g., fines
• revenue from charges to customers for individual services, e.g., photocopying and printing facilities
• sponsorship from external organisations
• lottery funds for specific initiatives.
一些資金來源，用於資助公共圖書館，但資金的比例從每個源將取決於每個國家的本地因素。
資金的主要來源是：
•在地方，區域或中央級稅收
•一部分補助由中央，地區或地方一級。
次要的收入來源可能包括：
•資金機構或個人的捐款
•收入來自商業活動，如出版，圖書銷售，銷售作品的藝術和手工藝品
•從客戶費用的收入，例如，罰款
•向客戶收費的個人服務，例如，複印和打印設備的收入
•從外部組織的贊助
•彩票資金的具體舉措。
3. Meeting the needs of the customers 滿足使用者需求
‘The services of the public library are provided on the basis of equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality, language or social status. To ensure nation wide library coordination and cooperation, legislation and strategic plans must also define and promote a national library network based on agreed standards of service. The public library network must be designed in relation to national, regional, research and special libraries as well as libraries in schools, colleges and universities. Services have to be physically accessible to all members of the community. This requires well situated library buildings, good read- ing and study facilities, as well as relevant technologies and sufficient opening hours convenient to the users. It equally implies out- reach services for those unable to visit the library. The library services must be adapted to the different needs of communities in rural and urban areas.’
每一個人都有平等享受公共圖書館服務的權利，而不受年齡、種族、性別、宗教信仰、語言、或社會地位的限制。為保證全國圖書館的協調與合作，圖書館立法和戰略計畫還必須確定並促進建謻一個基於同一服務標準的全國圖書館網路。公共圖書館網路的設計必須考慮到與國家圖書館、區域圖書館、研究圖書館、和專門圖書館以及大中小學圖書館之間的關係。為了使社區的每一個成員都能確實獲得圖書館服務，需要有理想的館舍環境，良好的閱讀和學習設施，合適的技術與充足方便晦開館時間，還包括對不能到館的用戶提供館外服務。圖書館服孜必須適合鄉村和城市社區的不同需求
因地制宜
3.1 Introduction 導論
‘The services of the public library are provided on the basis of equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality, language or social status. To ensure nation wide library coordination and cooperation, legislation and strategic plans must also define and promote a national library network based on agreed standards of service. The public library network must be designed in relation to national, regional, research and special libraries as well as libraries in schools, colleges and universities. Services have to be physically accessible to all members of the community. This requires well situated library buildings, good read- ing and study facilities, as well as relevant technologies and sufficient opening hours convenient to the users. It equally implies out- reach services for those unable to visit the library. The library services must be adapted to the different needs of communities in rural and urban areas.’
每一個人都有平等享受公共圖書館服務的權利，而不受年齡、種族、性別、宗教信仰、語言、或社會地位的限制。為保證全國圖書館的協調與合作，圖書館立法和戰略計畫還必須確定並促進建謻一個基於同一服務標準的全國圖書館網路。公共圖書館網路的設計必須考慮到與國家圖書館、區域圖書館、研究圖書館、和專門圖書館以及大中小學圖書館之間的關係。為了使社區的每一個成員都能確實獲得圖書館服務，需要有理想的館舍環境，良好的閱讀和學習設施，合適的技術與充足方便晦開館時間，還包括對不能到館的用戶提供館外服務。圖書館服孜必須適合鄉村和城市社區的不同需求
因地制宜
3.1 Introduction 導論
To be successful in fulfilling its goals the public library service must be fully accessible to all its customers. Customer is the term used primarily throughout the Guidelines (just as user, patron or client might be) to optimise consideration of public library nonusers as potential customers. Also implicit in the term customer, individuals have expressed wants and needs to be identifed and met. Customers ultimately have the choice of participating in public library service offered or not. Therefore, any limitation of access, whether deliberate or accidental, will reduce the ability of the public library to fully achieve its primary mission and role of meeting the library and information needs of the community served. The following are important elements in delivering an effective public library service:
• identifying potential customers
• analysing customers’ needs
• developing services to groups and individuals
• introducing customer care policies
• promoting library use education
• cooperating and sharing resources
• developing electronic networks
• ensuring access to services
• providing library buildings.
為了態成功達到目標，公共圖書館的服務必須完全對所有可能的用戶開放。任何雰式的限制利用，不論是有意的還是無意的，都將會降低公共圖書館發揮其主要作用的能力，這個作用就是滿足其所痔社區對圖書館和信息的需求。以下各方面是提供有效公共圖書館服務的重要因素：
• identifying potential customers
• analysing customers’ needs
• developing services to groups and individuals
• introducing customer care policies
• promoting library use education
• cooperating and sharing resources
• developing electronic networks
• ensuring access to services
• providing library buildings.
為了態成功達到目標，公共圖書館的服務必須完全對所有可能的用戶開放。任何雰式的限制利用，不論是有意的還是無意的，都將會降低公共圖書館發揮其主要作用的能力，這個作用就是滿足其所痔社區對圖書館和信息的需求。以下各方面是提供有效公共圖書館服務的重要因素：
- 識別潛在的用戶
- 分析用戶需求
- 制訂團體和個人服務項目
- 秉詛關心用白政策
- 促進用戶教育
- 合作與共享資源
- 發展電子網絡
- 確保服務的利用
- 提供圖書館建築設施
